Mice may become caught in nesting material

Preferences for nesting material as environmental enrichment for laboratory mice.

Behavioural and psychological needs of laboratory animals generally cannot adequately be met in standard laboratory cages. Environmental enrichment, which provides a more structured environment can enhance the well-being of laboratory animals. They may perform more of their species-specific behaviour and may control their environment in a better way. An easily applicable form of enrichment for ...

Nesting material as environmental enrichment has no adverse effects on behavior and physiology of laboratory mice.

Environmental enrichment may improve the quality of life of captive animals by altering the environment of animals so that they are able to perform more of the behavior that is within the range of the animal's species-specific repertoire. When enrichment is introduced into an animal's environment, it is important to evaluate the effect of the enrichment program and to assess whether the animal ...

When may ignorance become a blessing?

Autoimmune hypophysitis may eventually become empty sella.

Autoimmune hypophysitis (AH) is commonly believed to be a rare chronic inflammatory condition of the pituitary gland. In clinical practice, however, the disease is often seen indeed. It typically presents with hypopituitarism and pituitary mass found by MRI. We report here unusual presentations of two females with AH followed by empty sella syndrome. The two females, aged at 64 and 57-years-old...

Optimal Investment in Incomplete Markets when Wealth may Become Negative

This paper accompanies a previous one [KS99] by D. Kramkov and the present author. While in [KS99] we considered utility functions U : R+ → R satisfying the Inada conditions U ′(0) = ∞ and U ′(∞) = 0, in the present paper we consider utility functions U : R → R which are finitely valued, for all x ∈ R, and satisfy U ′(−∞) =∞ and U ′(∞) = 0. A typical example of this situation is the exponential...